经典重庆

　　Editor's note: Chongqing lies at the convergence of the Yangtze and Jialing rivers and its position has allowed it to act as a crossroads for inland trade. But the municipality's ambitions extend beyond its borders. China Daily recently explored the municipality and its focus on becoming a major international trade hub.

　　导语：位于嘉陵江和长江之滨的重庆，已经成为内陆贸易的枢纽。但是，这个直辖市志存高远，将视野投向更广阔的海外市场。《中国日报》最近探访这座专注于成为国际贸易港口的西部大都市。

The municipality is pinning its future on becoming China's foremost inland crossroads for domestic and international trade, whether by air, water, rail or road. Kang Bing and James Healy report.

　　无论是通过航空、水运、铁路或者公路，重庆致力于成为中国最重要的内陆贸易枢纽，记者康兵和JAMES HEALY(中文名陈高兴)从重庆发回报道。

Chongqing, a growth-spurt city in China's awakening southwest, has been compared to Chicago because, like that midwestern American city in the 19th century, it stands as a gateway to development of the nation's western frontier. But Chongqing, one of four municipalities under the central government's direct control - and a pilot city that is pioneering China's inland development - could just as easily be compared to Texas, the US state that prides itself on doing everything on a grand scale. From cavernous new convention center facilities to sprawling factories to bustling mega-ports on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Chongqing has taken to heart the Texas big-is-best spirit in its recent urban growth. This is evident throughout the city, but especially in Liangjiang New Area, where construction cranes perched atop new high-rises are as common a sight as the lush foliage and countless trees that line the city's highways and boulevards.

　　作为中国正在崛起的西南地区的一座大都市，经济急速增长的重庆，经常被比作为中国的“芝加哥”。因为，正如美国中西部的芝加哥一样，在19世纪，它曾是美国西部边境发展的门户。但重庆作为中国四个直辖市之一，直接归********管辖，同时也是内陆发展开拓的试点城市，也可以轻易地与美国引以为傲的做什么事规模都很大的德克萨斯州相比。从巨大的会展中心，各种大型工厂，到长江之上熙熙攘攘的港口，重庆可以说将德州的“越大就越好”的精髓演绎得“淋漓尽致”。这些在重庆，是很显而易见的，尤其是在两江新区。在新区内，起重机到处可见，新的高层建筑已不足为奇，数不尽的茂密树木整齐地排列在高速公路旁。

Driving this growth, as the mountain-hemmed city of 30 million people overtakes the farmland and villages of its rich past, is a vision of Chongqing stepping onto the world stage.

　　这座拥有3000万人口，以山地为主要特征的城市，过去是以农业为主，现在却以全新的姿态踏入国际舞台。

　　"We want to become an international city," said Du Shulin, deputy director of Liangjiang New Area's information office.

　　两江新区新闻宣传办公室副主任杜术林说：“我们想要成为一座国际化的大都市”。

　　Noting that coastal cities such as Shanghai have long enjoyed the fruits of robust investment and bustling exports, Du said, "We think it's our turn now."

　　他还提到，像上海一样的沿海城市，已经享有了很久的丰富的投资支持和繁华的外贸出口，杜术林说，“我想，这次轮到我们了。”

　　'Everything is big'

　　“每个都很‘大’”

It's evident that a bigger-is-better spirit is guiding the growth of Liangjiang New Area, the third national-development and opening-up zone in China (after Shanghai's Pudong NewArea and Tianjin's Binhai New Area) and the first such area in inland China.

　　很显然，面向全球、规模发展的思路主导着两江新区的发展，它是中国第三个国家级的开发开放新区（继上海浦东新区天津滨海新区之后），也是内陆第一个这样的新区。

　　"Big projects and big planning - everything is big," Zhang Li, an associate research fellow with the Liangjiang New Area, said when describing the city's approach to becoming China's next major trade hub.

　　当谈到重庆市将成为中国下一个重要的贸易中心时，两江新区新闻办主任张黎说，“我们推进的工程和计划都比较大，以适应拓展全球市场和内陆市场。

Take, for instance, the city's newest port on the Yangtze River, Guoyuan Inland Port. (Chongqing has eight ports along three rivers.) Built atop what used to be a riverside village,Guoyuan, inland China's largest port at 2,800 meters long, features 16 piers - 10 for loading and unloading cargo containers, three for automobile shipments and three for non-container goods.

　　以重庆最新的港口果园港为例（重庆沿江分布的港口有8个），果园是中国内陆最大的港口，长达2,800米，拥有16个码头，其中10个用来卸载和装运货物集装箱，3个用于汽车船运，还有3个用来装非集装箱货物。

　　The port's steady water levels through all four seasons will make Guoyuan available year-round to even the largest cargo ships, said Liu Jian, general manager of Guoyuan Port Container Corp.

　　重庆果园港口集装箱公司总经理刘践说，“一年四季稳定的水位让果园港全年都可以运作，甚至是最大的货船。”

　　Guoyuan is a sleeping giant, however. Its rail link won't be finished until October, with its opening set for next year's Spring Festival, Liu said. And the port, which opened in December, is still in low gear.

　　“然而果园港的所有潜力还未充分发挥，到今年10月份才能完成与铁路的连接，明年春节将会开始运营。”刘践说，“12月份新开始运行的港口，目前也只是发挥了很少的功能。”

　　"Because this port is new, shipping companies need time to plan and know the port. They are still making arrangements," Liu said. Even so, the port expects to handle 100,000 cargo containers this year, 350,000 next year and 800,000 in just five years, he said.

　　“因为这是新港口，船运公司需要时间规划和熟悉这个港口。他们还在制定计划和安排中。”刘践补充说，“即使这样，港口今年预计会有超过10万个货物集装箱，明年将会是35万个，在五年之内就会有80万个。”

　　In the meantime, Cuntan Inland Port is the workhorse among Chong-qing's ports.

　　寸滩港，则是目前重庆所有港口中的主力。

"While Shanghai is an important port at the end of the Yangtze River, Cuntan is an important port at the start of the river," said Qu Hong, general manager of port operator Chongqing International Container Terminal Co Ltd. "Of all the goods transported from Chongqing to overseas, 90 percent of them are transported from here."

　　“上海是长江末端一个很重要的港口，那么寸滩则是长江上游的一个重要的港口”，港口运营商重庆国际集装箱码头有限公司总经理屈宏说，“经由重庆运往海外的所有货物中，有90%是从寸滩港运出的”。

Cuntan, which is 1,316 meters long, features nine piers, seven of which can load cargo simultaneously, and two of which are specially designed for loading automobiles onto ships. On one recent day, a five-deck cargo ship with 1,300 cars made in Chongqing was an chored offshore, awaiting the journey to Shanghai.

　　寸滩港长达1316米，有9个码头，其中有7个可以同时间段装载货物，其中2个用于装运汽车。最近一天，一个拥有5个甲板的货船，装载着1300辆重庆制造的汽车准备好离岸，等待着运往上海。

　　In 2006, when the port opened, 46,000 cargo containers, import and export combined, came through Cuntan, Qu said. Last year, the port handled 650,000 containers and expects to handle 700,000 this year.

　　“在2006年，寸滩港开始运营时，一共有46000个进出口货物集装箱，”屈宏说，“去年，寸滩港的吞吐量是65万个集装箱，预计今年这个数字将达到70万个”。

Because Chongqing' s industry is developing so rapidly, port officials foresee 1 million containers a year going through Cuntan in three to five years, Qu said. The port's maximum capacity is 1.4 million cargo containers a year, he added.

　　屈宏说，“由于重庆工业发展是如此快速，预计在三到五年之内，寸滩港每年将有100万个集装箱”。他又补充说，“港口的最大容量是每年140万个货物集装箱”。

　　One advantage of Cuntan port, Qu said, is the meat and fruit distribution center being built on a hillside beside the port. It's a coup for Cuntan, considering the stricter regulations on the shipment of such products by water versus air. Guoyuan' s Liu said his port will have no such facility.

　　屈宏说，“寸滩港的另外一个优势，是在港口旁边的半山腰建有和进境肉类指定口岸和进境水果指定口岸。由于船运比空运此类产品的政策更严，这是寸滩港的一个优势。”果园港的刘践说：果园港就没有这样的便利。

　　However, when Guoyuan is completed, it will be the only inland port to boast water, road, rai land air links - linchpins for Chongqing' s ambition to become inland China's most accessible inland trade hub.

　　当果园港完工后，将会成为同时具有水、路、空三方面物流集合的唯一一个内陆港，这也是重庆决心成为中国内陆最便捷贸易中心的关键。

　　Silk Road connection

　　丝绸之路的连接

With an eye to boosting import traffic and domestic demand along with facilitating the exports from Chong-qing' s growing industrial might, the river city is taking full advantage of its land connections as well, particularly the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe railway, which is part of the new Silk Road.

　　着眼于促进内陆交通和国内需求，同时重庆还拥有着增长速度非凡的工业力量，促进其外贸出口愈发繁荣，重庆也同样开始增强其陆地物流能力，尤其是“渝新欧”铁路，作为“新丝绸之路”的一个重要组成部分。

　　"Its original purpose was for an export channel," Ling Yueming, director general of the Administrative Committee of Liangjiang New Area, said of the 11,179-km railway that links Chongqing and Duisburg, Germany, by way of Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus and Poland(and which makes trade stops in all those countries).

　　重庆市委****，两江新区管委会主任凌月明说，“‘渝新欧’最初的目的是为出口渠道服务的。”他还说这条长达11179公里铁路连接着重庆和德国杜伊斯堡的铁路，途经俄罗斯、白俄罗斯以及波兰。

"But we're also strengthening efforts to bring back cargoes from European countries," Ling, a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Chongqing Municipal Committee, said in an exclusive interview with China Daily. "By organizing return cargo, we reduce the trade deficit between China and Europe and reduce logistical costs."

　　“同样，现在我们也努力争取回程货运，从欧洲带回来货物，”凌月明在接受《中国日报》专访时说，“通过组织回程货运，我们减少了中欧之间的贸易逆差和物流成本”。

Besides, he said, "reliance solely on exports is not sustainable. Our economic development cannot go without the rest of China and the world. And the development of China relies on three 'horse carriages': domestic demand, exports and investment."

　　他还指出，“除此之外，仅仅依靠出口不是长久之计。我们重庆经济的发展离不开中国其他地区和世界的发展，中国经济的发展依靠‘三驾马车’：投资、消费和出口”。

While coastal cities rely on exports to drive economic development, he said, Chongqing is looking to ride all three carriages to sustainable growth. In addition to stoking domestic demand for the fruits of Chongqing' s industry, including laptop computers, automobiles,helicopters and small airplanes, the city aims to attract investment by streamlining the registration process for new enterprises.

　　他还说，“中国沿海城市依靠出口拉动经济增长，重庆则希望同时依靠这三架‘马车’来实现可持续发展。笔记本、汽车、直升机和小型飞行器，重庆计划瞄准目标，来吸引更多的投资，来吸引更多的新企业落地重庆。”

　　在内需之外，重庆致力于通过给新企业降低注册门槛来吸引投资。

　　"All enterprises can go through the registration process with just one application table now,one window, and finish in one day," Ling said. "This simplification of business registration procedures will change pre-approval into post-registration. For business registration, we will no longer ask a bank for a deposit letter. (An enterprise) will just have to promise they will get capital “ready in three to six months. This is an efficient way to cut costs."

　　“所有新企业，只需要注册一份申请表，一天之内就可以完成注册新企业，”凌月明说，“这种简单的商务注册程序将会改变以前的注册流程。对于商务注册来说，这无疑简单了许多。”

　　Ling said such reforms will help accelerate local development.

　　凌月明也说这种改革将会加速当地经济发展。

　　Showcasing the city

　　展示给世界一个“新重庆”

　　Chongqing also is taking steps to feed traffic into the burgeoning trade hub.

　　重庆逐步利用交通优势，来促进其贸易中心的更快更好发展。

Liangjiang New Area recently launched an English-language website to spotlight success stories and to attract investment and foreign trade, especially from Europe. And to showcase what is available for import, the city built the Commodity Trading Exhibition Center, a sprawling venue where wholesalers (and eventually retail shoppers) can visit numerous shops to preview available goods, from American-made automobiles to French wines.

　　最近两江新区建立了一个英文官方网站，将一些过去成功的商业投资故事挂在网站上，来吸引更多的外资投入，尤其是欧洲方面。而为了更好的展示进口商品，新区建立了进口商品展销中心，在这里，批发商（最终零售商也可以）可以看到很多展示商品的柜台，来选择可以投资的商品，这些商品包罗万象，从美国造的汽车到法国葡萄酒，应有尽有。

Additionally, to draw tourist and business trade to the New Area, the city has constructed the super-sized Yuelai Exhibition & Convention City, which General Manager Shi Jian said is the biggest in western China. The center, just 15minutes from the airport, features an adjacent five-star hotel(still under construction), 18 restaurants, exhibition areas, a grand ballroom and a 20,000-square-meter multifunctional hall that can hold from 15,000 to 20,000 people. The hall "is one of only four such pillar-less halls in China", Shi said.

　　此外，为了给新区吸引游客和商业贸易机会，重庆还建立了超大规模的悦来国际会展中心，总经理石键说，这座会展中心是中国西部最大规模的。这个会展中心离机场只有15分钟车程，拥有一座五星级酒店（仍在建设中），18家饭店，展览区域，一个大宴会厅和一个能容纳15000到20000多人的两万平方米的多功能大厅。石键介绍说，这个多功能大厅是，“中国仅有的四个无柱大厅之一。”

　　Surrounding the center will be residential buildings and plenty of green space, and Shi envisions the center and adjoining areas eventually becoming a "sustainable smart city" with its own parks and schools, a projected population of 80,000 and a total area of 12 million square meters.

　　围绕着会展中心周围，未来将有住宅，还有大量的绿化配套，不久的将来，这里将会有一座“悦来智慧城”，智慧城里有公园、学校，整个计划人口将达到8万，总面积达1200万平方米。

　　Meanwhile, although Chongqing looks firmly ahead to a booming future, its planners also are mindful of the city's past.

　　与此同时,尽管重庆看起来已经信心满满走向未来，但是这座城市的规划者们，并没有忘记过去。

Chongqing is taking steps to preserve its heritage in such places as Long Xing (Prosperous Dragon) Ancient Town, where winding stone streets lead past ancient temples and teeming alleys, and where some families still draw their water from ancient wells.

　　重庆正在采取措施保护其文化遗产，这些地方包括龙兴古镇，在蜿蜒的石板路的指引下，经过古老的寺庙和小巷，这座古镇保留着最原始的风貌，这里的人们甚至还依然喝着古井里的水。

　　The city also is resurrecting its past by building a replica of Old Chongqing in the New Area.The true-to-size buildings, faithfully reconstructed with old stone and brick, will eventually cover 350,000 square meters in the Liangjiang International Film City, where part of the 2012movie Back to 1942 was filmed. Visitors can stroll along streets that duplicate 1940s-era Chongqing, including shops, restaurants, a theater and a Flying Tigers Club, climb stone stairways that follow the steep hillsides, and commune with songbirds and butterflies while gazing at rows of mist-covered mountains.

　　在两江新区，有一个完全按照“老重庆”来建立的，以完全一比一的比例复制的“城市”建筑。用老旧的石头和砖，一座老城被完全重建起来。这座“老城”坐落在两江国际影视城，在将来将覆盖至35万平方米的面积。中国有名的电影《温故1942》就是在这里实景拍摄的。游客可以漫步这座仿制了上个世纪40年代的重庆，包括商店、饭店、剧院，还有有名的美国“飞虎队”主题酒店。也可以爬上石梯，俯视陡峭的山坡，凝视一座座被雾气笼罩的山峦，轻声细语地与草地中飞舞的蝴蝶、小鸟亲密交谈。

　　(英文原文详见中国日报6月24日6版:

　　http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/chongqing/liangjiang/2014-06/24/content_17615114.htm）

　　（记者 康兵、JAMES HEALY陈高兴）

Farmers enjoy urban life after relocation

中国日报：两江新区“农转城”人员的都市新生活

　　By James Healy and Ji Jin, China Daily

　　中国日报记者JAEMS HEALY(陈高兴)，冀晋

　　Each workday, Li Yingmu rides his motorcycle on the 10-minute commute to his job at a factory in Chongqing's Liangjiang New Area. It's a short trip for Li, but a far cry from the challenging life he led not so long ago as a corn and wheat farmer in the nearby fields.

　　每一个工作日，家住两江新区的李应木都骑着自己的摩托车,往来于他所工作的一家电梯厂和家之间。这段路程对于他自己而言，很近，只需要摩托车开十分钟。但是对于他告别自己的农民身份，开始自己一个“城市人”的生活而言，并不是那么近的一段距离。

　　Those fields are gone now - absorbed by one of Liangjiang New Area's many new development projects - and Li is one of thousands of rural residents who have relocated as Chongqing expands to become a major trade crossroads of inner China.

　　李应木以前家园附近的农田耕种着玉米和小麦，现在这些农田都已经消失了。过去的农田之上，建起了高楼——安置房。而靠田吃饭的这些农民群众，也被重新安置。

　　"It's a big task" to balance urban and rural development on such a large scale, acknowledged Ling Yueming, director general of the Administrative Committee of Liangjiang New Area.

　　两江新区管委会主任凌月明说，“这是一个很大的任务，如何在这么大的一个规模上，来平衡城市和农村的和谐发展。”

　　How to best do so is "a very complex question", considering that 20 million of Chongqing's 30 million people live in rural areas, he said.

　　他说，“如何做得好一些呢？考虑到重庆这座拥有3000万人口的大都市，其中2000万都居住在农村地区，这是一个非常复杂的问题。”

　　"We must help farmers who move to the city adapt to urban life. And we must make sure that those who move from rural areas have jobs and a place to live," Ling said.

　　凌月明说，“我们必须帮助这些农民，帮助他们适应城市生活，一是保证他们有一个工作，另外是要有一个住的地方。”

　　In addition to those who relocate, Chongqing must also accommodate the natural flow of the rural population into the city, as well as the many migrants who earlier left Chongqing and are returning now that the area is thriving, Ling said.

　　凌月明还说，除了这些，还要考虑到那些过去在外打工，现在返乡回到重庆的人，因为原来他们居住的那些地方，正在以很快的速度发展繁荣着。

　　By the year 2020, Ling's office said, the total population of Liangjiang New Area is expected to reach 5 million, of which more than 1 million will be rural migrants from other cities and provinces. The number of people expected to relocate from rural areas of Chongqing is expected to reach 380,000.

　　到2020年，两江新区的总人口将达到500万。这其中，将有超过100万的人口是从其他省市过来的农民工。那时，两江新区本地需要安置的农民总数也预计达到38万。

　　Before relocating to the Hehe Community in the New Area, Li, the factory employee, worked long hours as a farmer. He is now a truck driver for the Chongqing Brilliant Elevator Co, a private enterprise that manufactures elevators for sale inside and outside of China.

　　李应木在搬到和合家园之前，每天都会在农田劳动很久。现在他在重庆博林特电梯有限公司当一名卡车司机，这家电梯公司生产的电梯远销海内外。

　　Li Feng also works at the elevator factory. When he relocated, the government provided a month of training and helped him obtain his present position as a forklift operator, a job that pays 3,000 yuan ($480) per month.

　　李峰，同样是这家电梯厂的工人。当他重新安置时，****给他提供了一个月的上岗培训，目前他是一名叉车工人，一个月收入3000元人民币。

　　Adapting to city life "was not that difficult", he said, because the government solved two important problems for him - he now has good housing and stable employment.

　　李峰说，适应城市的生活“并没有那么难”，因为****已经解决了两个最困难的问题：一个是工作，一个是住房。

　　"Life here is much better. I don't spend as much time working as when I was a farmer. I enjoy more leisure time," he said.

　　李峰还说，“现在的生活比原来好太多了，我不用每天像过去务农那么辛苦。我有更多休闲的时间。”

　　His standard of living is also much higher, said Li Feng, a 28-year-old who is also a former corn and wheat farmer.

　　28岁的李峰还说，他的生活标准也比以前高出太多。

　　"Our income as farmers for the whole family was not so high - 10,000 yuan a year," Li Feng said. The combined income of Li, his wife and his parents, who live with him in the nearby Hehe Community, is now 7,000 yuan per month.

　　“过去当农民，全家人，父母加上我和我老婆，一年的收入也就10000元。但是，现在，全家人一个月的收入就有7000元人民币了。”李峰说。

　　New Area director Ling, in an exclusive interview with China Daily, said that of the 137,000 rural people who have been relocated so far during the development of the Liangjiang New Area (the figure includes children and the elderly), 73,000 are former farmers who have found new employment. Only 7,300 have not found jobs, mostly because their age makes it difficult for them to find work, he said.

　　两江新区管委会主任凌月明在接受《中国日报》专访时说，从新区成立至今，13.7万接受新区安置的农村人口（包括老人和儿童）中，有7.3万人口找到了新的工作。目前还有7300人没有找到工作，很大程度的原因是因为他们的年龄过大的问题。

　　"But we have not given up on those not able to find work," Ling said. "We help them find government positions such as management of green belts, traffic coordination and street cleaning."

　　凌月明说，“但是我们并没有放弃这些没有能力找到工作的人。我们创造条件，帮助他们在****找到一些绿化带管理、交通协管和市政清洁等工作。”

　　"As long as we have jobs, we'll fill them with people from the area who have been relocated," he said. "But we should let the market guide people to jobs. We need to develop local economies, create more tax sources and more jobs."

　　“只要我们有工作岗位，我们都会想到他们。但是，我们也会尊重市场，让市场来引导这些人找到新工作。我们需要发展当地经济，创造更多的税收资源和更多的工作岗位。”凌月明说。

　　He said the government "is holding match-up meetings between enterprises and farmers who have been relocated and are looking for work". Additionally, the government is paying intermediary organizations "to help provide a bridge between farmers and new enterprises".

　　他还说，****在承办一些工作岗位的交流会，在企业和需要工作的农民之间对接。另外，****也会找一些中介机构，还帮助他们之间的对接工作。

　　Last year, Chongqing registered 735 new enterprises, he said. "These create new job opportunities."

　　去年一年，当地有735家新企业注册成立，这其中有大量的工作机会。

　　The government also provides job training for the former farmers and public housing for as little as 300 yuan to 400 yuan per month, Ling added.

　　****给这些农民提供了工作培训，还有每个月只有300到400元人民币租金的公共住房。

　　After corn and wheat farmer Peng Jize, 36, was relocated, he was trained for about a month for his job as a truck driver at the 120,000-square-meter elevator factory. When asked what he misses about farm life, Peng laughed and said, "Nothing."

　　36岁的彭继泽，在安置后接受了一个月的卡车司机的培训，同样也是在这座电梯厂工作。当被问到，对过去的农民生活有没有什么留恋，他笑着说，“没有。”

　　Li Yingmu, who is 48 years old, likewise prefers his new urban life. What he enjoys most is the stable income. He said he's paid more than 3,000 yuan per month as a truck driver.

　　48岁的李应木，同样也更喜欢现在作为市民的生活。他最满意的是现在有稳定的收入，现在他每个月有3000元人民币的收入。

　　But there's so much more to like, he said. "The environment is good and clean. We have a clean and clear atmosphere and good air. And the standard of living is better. We can use gas for cooking, which we did not have as farmers."

　　他补充说，“现在的居住环境更好，更干净。我们有安静洁净的空气，生活标准也更好。我们可以用天然气煮饭，过去当农民的时候可没有。”

　　Li Yingmu acknowledged that not everyone prefers the lifestyle after relocation. "Some of the senior citizens who were farmers are now too old to work," he said. "They miss the land. They miss the old life. They want to grow food. The younger farmers want to make more money."

　　李应木也承认，并不是所有人都喜欢新的生活方式。“一些老人现在没办法工作了，他们怀念过去有自己农田的日子，怀念过去的生活。他们想种地，而年轻人则更喜欢赚钱。”

　　Li Feng, the forklift operator, said there was another reason he was glad to leave the rural life behind. "Now we don't have to worry about the harvest."

　　李峰说，有另外一个原因，让他不怀念过去的农民生活，“至少我们现在不用担心每年的收成好坏了。”

　　(英文原文详见中国日报6月24日6版:

　　http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/chongqing/liangjiang/2014-06/24/content_17615114.htm）

　　（记者 JAMES HEALY　中文名陈高兴、冀晋）

Chongqing pushes general aviation

重庆大力发展通用航空产业

　　中国日报记者谭英姿, 罗望舒

　　Aviation in Chongqing got its start in the early 1940s, when the city served as an important base for the 1st American Volunteer Group, popularly known as the Flying Tigers, which came to aid China against Japanese aggression during World War II.

　　Decades later, the city looks to the sky again. It will establish a general aviation industrial park in Liangjiang New Area as one component of an industrial transformation.

　　早在上世纪40年代，重庆就开始了航空产业的发展。二战时期，美国飞虎队，作为第一支志愿部队协助中国抵抗日本侵略。在那时，重庆是飞虎队在中国的一个非常重要的基地。几十年之后，这座城市重新瞄准天空，再次大力打造航空产业。作为其产业转型的一个重要元素，重庆在两江新区建立了航空产业园。

　　General aviation covers all flights other than commercial airlines and the military, and includes such activities as private flights, air ambulance services, police aviation and air charter services.

　　除了商用和军用，通用航空覆盖了所有的航空种类，包括：私人飞机，空中应急服务，警用航空，还有包机服务。

　　The 8-square-kilometer industrial park has already attracted 31 foreign aviation enterprises, including the Swiss aircraft manufacturer Pilatus Aircraft and the US helicopter manufacturer Enstrom Helicopter Corp. Thirteen enterprises have been set up by the Chongqing government.

　　这座面积约八平方千米的航空产业园，已经吸引了31家国内外航空企业，包括瑞士皮拉图斯和美国恩施特龙，成立和筹建的通航企业达13家。

　　Enstrom was acquired by Chongqing General Aviation Industry Group Co in 2012. Two helicopter assembly lines in Chongqing are expected to assemble five choppers this year and produce 50 helicopters annually in the future.

　　在2012年，重庆通用航空产业集团有限公司成功并购美国恩斯特龙直升机公司。两条直升机生产组装线已于近日建成，今年预计会生产5架直升机，预计产能能达到50架。

　　The company, which sold 26 helicopters globally in 2013, plans to sell 40 this year, said Wu Jisen, vice-president of Chongqing General Aviation Industry Group Co.

　　重庆直投副总经理吴继介绍说，“恩斯特龙公司，在2013年全球销售了26架直升机，今年计划销售40架。”

　　Pilatus has also set up two production lines in Chongqing for its fixed-wing aircraft, the PC-6 and PC-12 passenger and cargo planes.

　　皮拉图斯公司也在重庆设立了两条固定翼飞机生产线，分别是皮拉图斯多用途通用PC-6飞机和PC-12飞机。

　　Urgent need紧急需要

　　For the city, transforming the industrial structure and developing new industries is urgent.

　　对于这座城市，工业结构转型和发展新兴产业是十分迫切的。

　　Chongqing is an important industrial base in China, known as the country's largest motorcycle manufacturing base. But its export volume of motorcycles has declined because of the gloomy global economy in recent years, pushing the government to look to a new path.

　　重庆是中国的一个重要工业基地，是人们熟知的中国最大的摩托车生产基地。但是，由于近些年的全球经济不景气，摩托车出口量下降许多，这迫使重庆****转向新的发展路径。

　　Although Chongqing is not a traditional aviation base, it can make use of its industrial advantages in aviation materials and parts manufacturing, said Ling Yueming, director general of the Administrative Committee of Liangjiang New Area.

　　重庆市委****，两江新区管委会主任凌月明介绍说，“尽管重庆并不是传统的航空产业基地，但是重庆可以利用其工业传统优势，用于航空产业原材料和配件生产方面。”

　　General aviation is believed to be a new growth point after China decided to relax its control on low-altitude airspace - below 1,000 meters - in 2010.

　　在2010年之后，中国决定放宽低空领域（1000米以下）管控之后，通用航空产业被认为是一个新的经济增长点。

　　More than 20 provincial areas or cities, including Chongqing, have devised plans to explore the general aviation industry. But the boom has yet to come, and more efforts are needed before local governments will see the industry bring real economic benefits, said Yang Fengtian, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

　　中国工程院院士杨凤田说，“包括重庆在内的20多个省市，计划开发通用航空产业。但是，发展的高潮还没有到来，如果想要见到更多经济收益，则需要更多的努力投入。”

　　Yang, who is also president of Shenyang Aerospace University, said China still has not solved many of the problems associated with the management of general aviation.

　　Creative mechanisms must be established to let local governments, not civil aviation authorities, lead the development of local general aviation, he said.

　　同样作为沈阳航空航天大学校长的杨凤田说，“中国还有许多和通用航空管理有关的问题没有解决。创造性的机制必须建立，来让当地****，而不是民航局来引导当地的航空产业发展。”

　　He said he believes that only an industry that involves wide public participation can really boom. In the United States, there are at least 240,000 general aviation aircraft, 70 percent of which are privately owned for entertainment.

　　杨校长还指出，“我相信，只有依靠广大的公众参与，一个产业才能真正发展壮大起来。在美国，至少有24万架通用飞机，其中有70%是私有财产。”

　　Efforts should be made to attract people, such as white-collar workers and college students, to join flight clubs and study how to pilot an aircraft for fun, he said.

　　“应该更加努力的来吸引人们，比如一些白领和在校大学生，来加入航空俱乐部去学习怎么驾驶飞机。”他说。

　　Li Yinghong, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said Chongqing has done it right in emphasizing professional training, which will be the city's big advantage as it develops general aviation.

　　中国科学院院士李应红说，重庆将重心放在航空职业培训上，是十分正确的。将来，这都是发展通用航空产业的一个很大的优势。

　　The industrial park in Liang-jiang New Area includes at least two schools for training pilots.

　　两江新区内的航空产业园有至少两座航空培训学校。

　　The Chongqing General Aviation Training Co, co-founded by the Civil Aviation Flight University of China and the Chongqing General Aviation Industry Group in 2012, will start to recruit students this year.

　　重庆通用航空学院，由中国民航飞行学院和重庆通用航空产业集团有限公司共同创办于2012年，今年将开始招生。

　　With programs for private pilot and commercial pilot licensing, as well as aircraft maintenance training, the school aims to certify 300 pilots and 500 maintenance personnel each year.

　　这座拥有私人飞机和商用飞机执照，同时也有航空维修培训课程的学校，每年目标在300名毕业生和500名维修人员。

　　The industry will be short more than 3,000 pilots within the coming five years, said Chen Bin, a researcher with the Sino-US joint venture Easyfly Aviation.

　　中美合资企业宜航航空公司研究员陈冰说，重庆的航空产业在接下来的五年内，将会超过培育有3000名飞行员。

　　Chongqing has an ambitious plan. According to authorities in Liangjiang New Area, the general aviation industry is expected to bring a total production value of 300 billion yuan ($48 billion) a year to the municipality by 2020.

　　据两江新区称，通用航空产业预计到2020，将给重庆带来总产值达3000亿元/每年。

　　It's an auspicious start for the home of the Flying Tigers.

　　这对于飞虎队的老家而言，无疑是一个非常好的开头。

　　(英文原文详见中国日报6月24日6版:

　　http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional/chongqing/liangjiang/2014-06/24/content_17615115.htm）